Trace metals enter the atmosphere through different anthropogenic and natural sources. Some of the emission sources are gasoline, combustion, non-ferrous metal production. Once in the atmosphere, the trace metals do not remain confined to the local region but are carried to other regions and impact on a global level. The enrichment of trace metals has been noted as far as Arctic. This has impacted ecology, economy and quality of life. E.g. the increase in levels of Cd (Cadmium) and Pb (Lead) are known to cause spontaneous abortion in women in the first 3 months of pregnancy.
A global emission inventory can help in modelling the role of trace metals in riverine and atmospheric ecosystem. The changing emission factors, e.g. the use of low leaded gasoline, are indicative of the need for revision of such inventories on a regular bases. Lack of data makes it hard to come up with accurate emission inventories and hence a lot of assumptions are made which introduce uncertainty. Although every industry discharges at least one trace metal to the environment, yet this data is not recorded and hence, a lot of averages need to be estimated in order to create an inventory for use with simulations.
For industrial input, the first study which quantifies the emission of 16 different trace metals in air, soil and water on a global scale was conducted in 1980s and published in 1988. There have been just a few updates to this data and those were done in 1995 and 1996 for the data collected at the beginning of 1990s. There have been several studies done on a local scale on a limited set of trace metals.
Ref: "An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide" by Pacyna & Pacyna.
A global emission inventory can help in modelling the role of trace metals in riverine and atmospheric ecosystem. The changing emission factors, e.g. the use of low leaded gasoline, are indicative of the need for revision of such inventories on a regular bases. Lack of data makes it hard to come up with accurate emission inventories and hence a lot of assumptions are made which introduce uncertainty. Although every industry discharges at least one trace metal to the environment, yet this data is not recorded and hence, a lot of averages need to be estimated in order to create an inventory for use with simulations.
For industrial input, the first study which quantifies the emission of 16 different trace metals in air, soil and water on a global scale was conducted in 1980s and published in 1988. There have been just a few updates to this data and those were done in 1995 and 1996 for the data collected at the beginning of 1990s. There have been several studies done on a local scale on a limited set of trace metals.
Ref: "An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide" by Pacyna & Pacyna.
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